Morgan
Our journey to the Bosnian city of Mostar was catalyzed by an eye-opening bus lecture. Focusing on the prevalence of human trafficking worldwide, Dr. Cotton outlined the basic inhumanities that are associated with this sickening practice. Defined as the transport and exploitation of individuals against their will, human trafficking is the third most lucrative illicit industry globally. Behind only arms and drug cartels, the trafficking of human beings generates over $32 billion annually. Every year it is estimated that over two million people are trafficked into either forced labor or the underground sex trade. Countries whose citizens are particularly vulnerable to becoming victims in this market, are nations with international dispute, internal unrest or widespread disaster. People in these areas are susceptible to the lure of seemingly trustworthy individuals who hold the allure of a more promising life. The global network of human trafficking is expansive ranging from large involvement in China, Vietnam, the Italian mafia, Russian gangs and the South American drug cartels. In transport these people are restrained to inhumane conditions (Dr. Cotton referenced individuals being stuffed into the glove compartments of vehicles). These “transit countries” differ from “origination countries” in that recruitment of individuals does not occur, but rather the harboring of misled peoples is rampant. Destination countries, including the US, England, Belgium and India, receive these people in great numbers. Fostered by deep corruption in police forces, border controls and often, entire communities, trafficking is often an inescapable trap.
The correlation between today’s lecture and our visit to Mostar is Bosnia’s status as a transit country. Beginning in 1995 (very quickly after the war ended), Bosnian trafficking has played a subtle yet undeniable role in the global industry. Due to the close proximity to the European Union border, the country is considered to have a crucial vital point into these nations. Currently, one in four women employed at night clubs in Bosnia are victims of this deplorable scheme. It is also estimated that over two thousand trafficked women and children from the former USSR can be found in Bosnian brothels. The prevalence of corruption in the Bosnian police force, there is little risk to be prosecuted or even caught.
Why is this a public health issue, you may ask? While the influx of these, in essence, slaves may inexplicably stimulate economy, the health effects for individuals are devastating. Physical and psychological abuse is extreme and can range from STI epidemics to anxiety and depression, exhaustion, low self-esteem and even, personality disorders. Even if individuals are able to escape their captors and prove their situation (which can often be shockingly difficult), the stigma associated with such treatment and the lack of services available makes is nearly impossible to ever live normally. Recently, many countries including Romania and Panama have taken proactive measures to combat involvement within their borders. By educating their police forces to recognize these situations and provided medical care (physical and psychological) for recovered victims, these governments have made it a priority to fight this very real issue.
Needless to say, I was apprehensive about our visit to Mostar. With the war ending a mere fifteen years ago, tension is still present and I was unsure of what to expect going into Bosnia. Although, clearly a less prosperous country than Croatia, it was exciting to the rich culture that exists in Mostar. Known for its long-standing tolerance for all religions, the city is a melting pot for culture. With towering catholic churches, prominent mosques and growing synagogues on the same block, it was a unique sight as you can see in the photo above. Our guide was a colorful citizen of Mostar, who gave sassy and realistic explanations of the city’s reputation and its struggles. Caught in the crossfire of the homeland war, Mostar’s most prominent structure, the internationally famous “Old Bridge”, was shelled for months until its inevitable collapse in November of 1993. Considered a source of pride and of intangible importance to the city, the bridge was rebuilt after the war and today is a popular tourist attraction in Bosnia. The beautiful structure is pictured above. After our guided tour we were given free time in the city. Lots (I mean lots) of shopping and chivapci eating was the order of the day, and we all enjoyed being submerged in a new place, new people, and new culture.
Needless to say, another unforgettable day. It is truly incredible that we only have three days left in this place. Time has flown by. I guess you will be hearing from me on our last evening in Croatia. Crazy. Well, until then.
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